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Reference Manual Volumes 1 - 4 (Online Only) |
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| Chapter 5 Reserved Words |
Chapter 5
Keywords, also known as reserved words, are words that have special meanings. This chapter lists Transact-SQL and SQL92 keywords.
The words in Table 5-1 are reserved by Adaptive Server as keywords (part of SQL command syntax). They cannot be used as names of database objects such as databases, tables, rules, or defaults. They can be used as names of local variables and as stored procedure parameter names.
To find the names of existing objects that are reserved words, use sp_checkreswords.
Words | |
A | add, all, alter, and, any, arith_overflow, as, asc, at, authorization, avg |
B | begin, between, break, browse, bulk, by |
C | cascade, case, char_convert, check, checkpoint, close, clustered, coalesce, commit, compute, confirm, connect, constraint, continue, controlrow, convert, count, create, current, cursor |
D | database, dbcc, deallocate, declare, default, delete, desc, deterministic, disk distinct, double, drop, dummy, dump |
E | else, end, endtran, errlvl, errordata, errorexit, escape, except, exclusive, exec, execute, exists, exit, exp_row_size, external |
F | fetch, fillfactor, for, foreign, from, func, function |
G | goto, grant, group |
H | having, holdlock |
I | identity, identity_gap, identity_insert, identity_start, if, in, index, inout, insert, install, intersect, into, is, isolation |
J | jar, join |
K | key, kill |
L | level, like, lineno, load, lock |
M | max, max_rows_per_page, min, mirror, mirrorexit, modify |
N | national, new, noholdlock, nonclustered, not, null, nullif, numeric_truncation "New" is a potential Transact-SQL reserved word, not a current Transact-SQL reserved word, so you can use it to name a database object. However, since "New" may become a reserved word in the future, Sybase recommends that you avoid using it. "New" is a special case (see "Potential SQL92 reserved words" for information on other reserved words) because it appears in the spt_values table, and because sp_checkreswords displays "New" as a reserved word. |
O | of, off, offsets, on, once, online, only, open, option, or, order, out, output, over |
P | partition, perm, permanent, plan, precision, prepare, primary, print, privileges, proc, procedure, processexit, proxy_table, public |
Q | quiesce |
R | raiserror, read, readpast, readtext, reconfigure, references remove, reorg, replace, replication, reservepagegap, return, returns, revoke, role, rollback, rowcount, rows, rule |
S | save, schema, select, set, setuser, shared, shutdown, some, statistics, stringsize, stripe, sum, syb_identity, syb_restree, syb_terminate |
T | table, temp, temporary, textsize, to, tran, transaction, trigger, truncate, tsequal |
U | union, unique, unpartition, update, use, user, user_option, using |
V | values, varying, view |
W | waitfor, when, where, while, with, work, writetext |
Adaptive Server includes entry-level SQL92 features. Full SQL92 implementation includes the words listed in the following tables as command syntax. Upgrading identifiers can be a complex process; therefore, we are providing this list for your convenience. The publication of this information does not commit Sybase to providing all of these SQL92 features in subsequent releases. In addition, subsequent releases may include keywords not included in this list.
The words in Table 5-2 are SQL92 keywords that are not reserved words in Transact-SQL.
Words | |
A | absolute, action, allocate, are, assertion |
B | bit, bit_length, both |
C | cascaded, case, cast, catalog, char, char_length, character, character_length, coalesce, collate, collation, column, connection, constraints, corresponding, cross, current_date, current_time, current_timestamp, current_user |
D | date, day, dec, decimal, deferrable, deferred, describe, descriptor, diagnostics, disconnect, domain |
E | end-exec, exception, extract |
F | false, first, float, found, full |
G | get, global, go |
H | hour |
I | immediate, indicator, initially, inner, input, insensitive, int, integer, interval |
J | join |
L | language, last, leading, left, local, lower |
M | match, minute, module, month |
N | names, natural, nchar, next, no, nullif, numeric |
O | octet_length, outer, output, overlaps |
P | pad, partial, position, preserve, prior |
R | real, relative, restrict, right |
S | scroll, second, section, session_user , size , smallint, space, sql, sqlcode, sqlerror, sqlstate, substring, system_user |
T | then, time, timestamp, timezone_hour, timezone_minute, trailing, translate, translation, trim, true |
U | unknown, upper, usage |
V | value, varchar |
W | when, whenever, write, year |
Z | zone |
If you are using the ISO/IEC 9075:1989 standard, also avoid using the words shown in the following list because these words may become SQL92 reserved words in the future.
Words | |
A | after, alias, async |
B | before, boolean, breadth |
C | call, completion, cycle |
D | data, depth, dictionary |
E | each, elseif, equals |
G | general |
I | ignore |
L | leave, less, limit, loop |
M | modify |
N | new, none |
O | object, oid, old, operation, operators, others |
P | parameters, pendant, preorder, private, protected |
R | recursive, ref, referencing, resignal, return, returns, routine, row |
S | savepoint, search, sensitive, sequence, signal, similar, sqlexception, structure |
T | test, there, type |
U | under |
V | variable, virtual, visible |
W | wait, without |
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