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Appendix B: Reserved Words

Appendix B

Keywords, also known as reserved words, are words that have special meanings. Transact-SQL and SQL92 keywords are listed in this appendix.

Transact-SQL Keywords

The words in Table B-1 are reserved by Adaptive Server as keywords (part of SQL command syntax) and cannot be used as names of database objects such as databases, tables, rules, and defaults. They can be used as names of local variables and as stored procedure parameter names. You can use the system procedure sp_checkreswords to find the names of existing objects that are reserved words.

Table B-1: Transact-SQL keywords

activation	char_convert	dbcc	exclusive
add	check	deallocate	exec
all	checkpoint	declare	execute
alter	close	default	exists
and	clustered	delete	exit
any	commit	desc	external
arith_overflow	compute	disk	fetch
as	confirm	distinct	fillfactor
asc	connect	double	for
at	constraint	dummy	foreign
authorization	consumers	dump	from
avg	continue	else	goto
begin	controlrow	end	grant
between	convert	endtran	group
break	count	errlvl	having
browse	create	errordata	holdlock
bulk	current	errorexit	identity_insert
by	cursor	escape	identity_start
cascade	database	except	if
in	off	read	temp
index	offsets	readtext	temporary
insert	on	reconfigure	textsize
intersect	once	references	to
into	online	replace	tran
is	only	return	transaction
isolation	open	revoke	trigger
key	option	role	truncate
kill	or	rollback	tsequal
level	order	rowcount	union
like	over	rows	unique
lineno	partition	rule	unpartition
load	passwd	save	update
max	perm	schema	use
max_rows_per_page	permanent	select	user
membership	plan	session	user_option
min	precision	set	using
mirror	prepare	setuser	values
mirrorexit	primary	shared	varying
national	print	shutdown	view
noholdlock	privileges	some	waitfor
nonclustered	proc	statistics	where
not	procedure	stripe	while
null	processexit	sum	with
lineno	proxy	syb_identity	work
numeric_transaction	public	syb_restree	writetext
of	raiserror	table

SQL92 Keywords

Adaptive Server includes entry-level SQL92 features. Full SQL92 implementation includes the words listed in the following tables as command syntax. Since upgrading identifiers can be a complex process, we are providing this list for your convenience. The publication of this information does not commit Sybase to providing all of these SQL92 features in subsequent releases. In addition, subsequent releases may include keywords not included in this list.

The words in Table B-2 are SQL92 keywords that are not reserved words in Transact-SQL.

Table B-2: SQL92 keywords

absolute	corresponding	float
action	cross	found
allocate	current_date	full
are	current_time	get
assertion	current_timestamp	global
bit	current_user	go
bit_length	date	hour
both	day	immediate
cascaded	dec	indicator
case	decimal	initially
cast	deferrable	inner
catalog	deferred	input
char	describe	insensitive
char_length	descriptor	int
character	diagnostics	integer
character_length	disconnect	interval
coalesce	domain	join
collate	end-exec	language
collation	exception	last
column	extract	leading
connection	false	left
constraints	first	local
lower	prior	timestamp
match	real	timezone_hour
minute	relative	timezone_minute
module	restrict	trailing
month	right	translate
names	scroll	translation
natural	second	trim
nchar	section	true
next	session_user	unknown
no	size	upper
nullif	smallint	usage
numeric	space	value
octet_length	sql	varchar
outer	sqlcode	when
output	sqlerror	whenever
overlaps	sqlstate	write
pad	substring	year
partial	system_user	zone
position	then
preserve	time

Potential SQL92 Reserved Words

If you are using the ISO/IEC 9075:1989 standard, also avoid using the words listed in Table B-3, as these words may become SQL92 reserved words in the future.

Table B-3: Potential SQL92 reserved words

after	loop	returns
alias	modify	routine
async	new	row
before	none	savepoint
boolean	object	search
breadth	oid	sensitive
call	old	sequence
completion	operation	signal
cycle	operators	similar
data	others	sqlexception
depth	parameters	structure
dictionary	pendant	test
each	preorder	there
elseif	private	type
equals	protected	under
general	recursive	variable
ignore	ref	virtual
leave	referencing	visible
less	resignal	wait
limit	return	without