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Configuring Adaptive Server Enterprise for UNIX Platforms |
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| Chapter 1: Introduction |
This chapter provides an overview of the Adaptive Server infrastructure.
Topics covered in this chapter are:
The Adaptive Server installation and configuration process defines various user roles. Different user roles have different responsibilities and privileges. These user roles clarify the way Adaptive Server is to be integrated into your system.
The Sybase installation directory structure is created by the installation process and is placed in the directory that you indicate when you run sybsetup. Figure 1-1 illustrates a sample Sybase installation directory structure.
Figure 1-1: Sybase installation directory structure
The Sybase installation directory contains executable files and administrative tools, which are added as each Sybase product is installed.
Adaptive Server communicates with other Adaptive Servers, Open Server(TM) applications (such as Backup Server and XP Server), and client software on your network. Clients can talk to one or more servers, and servers can communicate with other servers, by remote procedure calls.
For Sybase products to interact with one another, each product needs to know where the others reside on the network. This information is stored in an interfaces file, usually named interfaces, located in the Sybase installation directory (see Figure 1-2). Once your Adaptive Server or client software is installed, it can connect with any server on the network, provided that it is listed in the interfaces file.
On TCP/IP networks, the port number gives clients a way to identify the Adaptive Server to which they want to connect. It also tells Adaptive Server where to listen for incoming connection attempts from clients. Adaptive Server uses a single port for these two services (referred to as query service and listener service).
On SPX networks, the socket number gives clients and servers a way to identify each other.
On DECnet networks, the node name (the name of the machine on which Adaptive Server is running) and the object number on that node give clients and servers a way to identify each other.
Figure 1-2: Communicating with a server
The srvbuild utility is used to create a new server. During the srvbuild process, entries are added to the interfaces file for your new Adaptive Server, Backup Server, or XP Server.
As System Administrator, you may need to modify the interfaces file. You can add, delete, and modify entries in the interfaces file by using the dsedit or dscp utility. See Chapter 5, "Using dsedit," or Chapter 6, "Using dscp," for instructions on how to do this. See Chapter 4, "The Interfaces File," for more detailed information on the interfaces file.
Devices are files or portions of a disk that are used to store databases and database objects. You can initialize devices, using raw disk partitions (for production systems) or operating system files (for non-production uses).
Adaptive Server requires the following devices:
The master and sybsystemprocs devices are created by srvbuild when you install a new Adaptive Server.
The master device contains the system databases shown in Table 1-1.
Database Name | Size | Function |
|---|---|---|
master | 2MB min. | Controls the operation of Adaptive Server as a whole and stores information about all users, user databases, devices, objects, and system table entries. |
model | 2MB | Provides a template for new user databases. Contains required system tables, which are copied into a new user database with the create database command. |
tempdb | 2MB min. | Work area for Adaptive Server. Cleared and rebuilt each time Adaptive Server is started. |
pubs2 | 2MB each | Optional sample database in the U.S. English, Western European, and Japanese versions of Adaptive Server; used in Adaptive Server documentation examples. |
The master database is contained entirely on the master device and cannot be expanded onto any other device.
No other system or user databases or user objects should be created on the master device.
The sybsystemprocs device stores the sybsystemprocs database, which contains most of the Sybase-supplied system procedures. System procedures are a collection of SQL statements and flow-of-control statements that perform system tasks; for example, sp_configure. System procedure names begin with "sp_".
The system procedures that are needed during difficult recovery situations remain in master.
The following devices and databases are needed only if you configure Adaptive Server for optional functionality, like auditing or two-phase commit transactions.
The sybsecurity device stores the sybsecurity database and the auditing system procedures with which you can configure auditing for your system.
The auditing system records system security information in an Adaptive Server audit trail. Use this audit trail to monitor the use of Adaptive Server or system resources.
Auditing is installed using the auditinit utility. The sybsecurity device is created as part of the auditing installation process.
See Chapter 10, "Configuring for Auditing," for instructions on how to configure your Adaptive Server for auditing functionality.
The auditing system is discussed in more detail in the Security Administration Guide.
The sybsystemdb device stores the sybsystemdb database, which stores information about two-phase commit transactions.
See Chapter 9, "Configuring for Two-Phase Commit Transactions," for instructions on how to create the sybsystemdb device and database and how to configure Adaptive Server for two-phase commit.
The pubs2 and pubs3 databases are sample databases provided as a learning tool for Adaptive Server. The pubs2 sample database is used for most of the examples in the Adaptive Server documentation; other examples use the pubs3 database.
For information about installing pubs2 and pubs3, see Chapter 8, "Installing Online Help and Sample Databases."
For information on the contents of these sample databases, see the Transact-SQL User's Guide.
The syntax database, sybsyntax, contains syntax help for
Transact-SQL commands, Sybase system procedures, Adaptive Server utilities, and Open Client DB-Library(TM) routines. Users can retrieve this information using the system procedure sp_syntax. For example, to learn the syntax of the Transact-SQL select command, type:
sp_syntax "select"
Adaptive Server includes two scripts for creating the sybsyntax database. The first script, usually named ins_syn_sql, installs syntax help for Transact-SQL commands, Sybase system procedures, and Adaptive Server utilities. The second script, usually named ins_syn_dblib, installs syntax help for Open Client DB-Library routines. You can install one or both of these scripts.
See Chapter 8, "Installing Online Help and Sample Databases," for instructions on how to install sybsyntax.
See the Adaptive Server Reference Manual for more information
about sp_syntax.
The Database Consistency Checker (dbcc) provides commands for checking the logical and physical consistency of a database. The dbccdb database stores the results of dbcc when the dbcc checkstorage command is used.
dbcc checkstorage records configuration information for the target database, operation activity, and the results of the operation in the dbccdb database. Stored in the database are dbcc stored procedures for creating and maintaining dbccdb and for generating reports on the results of dbcc checkstorage operations.
Information on installing dbccdb is located in Chapter 18, "Checking Database Consistency," of the System Administration Guide.
Backup Server is an Open Server-based utility that handles all backup (dump) and recovery (load) operations for Adaptive Server. Backup Server provides the following features:
Backup Server is automatically installed or upgraded when you install or upgrade Adaptive Server. Adaptive Server must be configured to connect to Backup Server through the interfaces file.
Sybase Central(TM) is a common interface for managing servers. It allows you to manage Adaptive Server installations using the Sybase Central graphical management tool. You can manage Adaptive Server running on any platform from a PC that is running Windows 95 or Windows NT.
Adaptive Server is compatible with high-availability products for several platforms and operating systems, such as the Compaq
On-Line Recovery Server. Configuration procedures for these
high-availability products are available on the Sybase World Wide Web site.
To view the high-availability configuration procedures:
http://www.sybase.com
The Search utility generates a list of titles for Technical Notes that contain high-availability configuration procedures. See the titles that include "Configuring Sybase SQL Server for High-Availability", as well as a reference to your specific platform or operating system.
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